Make It Stick: Revolutionize Your Learning 📚🧠

Use of scripts:“The Science of Effective Learning: Overcoming Traditional Methods From childhood to adulthood, there always seems to be someone in every class who achieves great results effortlessly and someone who, no matter how hard they work, always gets average grades. This book tells us that our previous learning methods may have been wrong. There’s a well-known issue: many people have read a lot of books and learned many principles, yet still fail to live a good life. Why? Because there is a long distance between knowing and mastering. There is only one criterion to test whether you have truly mastered a piece of knowledge: Can you use it to solve everyday problems? The book states that factual knowledge is straightforward, but higher-level learning emphasizes the flexible application of knowledge. It’s like the difference between students who excel and those who don’t. They all understand similar theories and formulas, but the gap lies in how quickly they can relate what they know to the problem at hand and solve it through induction and deduction. Therefore, the essence of learning involves three processes: memory, association, and problem-solving. Mastering these three processes means mastering the great challenge of learning. Hard work and perseverance have always been the methods we use to memorize. We cling to books, rereading them again and again—if we can’t remember it the first time, we read it several more times. But in fact, the effect of repeated reading is minimal. The book presents a revolutionary learning concept, stating that we constantly try to make learning easier, but in reality, deliberately increasing the difficulty of learning is the key to effective learning. How do we increase difficulty? First, retrieval instead of repetition. Repeated reading is naturally the simplest way to memorize, but active retrieval can achieve twice the result with half the effort. For example, after learning a piece of knowledge, try to recall related facts, concepts, or events to reinforce your memory. Quizzes after learning or explaining the knowledge to someone else are also forms of retrieval. Second, spacing instead of cramming. Reading something several times in a short period has little benefit. Instead, it's more meaningful to revisit the material after some time. For instance, after reading a book, playing the guitar for a few hours, then reading it again is much more effective than reading it twice in a row. Third, create beneficial interference. A while ago, I found a future projection chart I had created years ago, and many parts had become blurred due to dampness. After reading it again, I realized that the blurry parts were the ones I remembered the best. Therefore, some positive interference can help enhance our memory. In short, creating some interference that increases the difficulty of retrieval can strengthen our neural circuits, making our memory stronger. What distinguishes an ordinary person from an excellent one is often not the amount of information they have, but their ability to make connections between information. Ordinary people can understand and remember knowledge, but excellent people can accurately associate knowledge with problems, helping to solve them. The book says that the essence of learning is knowledge chains and memory nodes. Interrelated knowledge is organized into knowledge chains in the brain, and different knowledge chains are connected by memory nodes to form a knowledge network. The range of this knowledge network determines the range of problems we can solve. A person with these two learning abilities is enough to be excellent, but not enough to be at the top. Top performers organize and package their problem-solving experiences into mental models. The book explains that because we have mastered knowledge in various areas of life, we tend to group together the steps of doing things to solve different problems. You can think of these steps as apps in your mind, and we call them mental models. A mental model can often solve all related problems, and we can quickly resolve complex issues reflexively without going through complex thinking. Imagine an excellent table tennis player who has almost no time to think and must instantly decide how to return the ball. The secret lies in their scientific daily training, where they build different mental models to handle various types of balls and strategies. Thus, mental models determine how outstanding a person can be. It's worth noting that human intelligence can be categorized in many different ways, and different types of intelligence are suited to constructing different mental models. For example, psychologist Howard Gardner divides intelligence into eight types: logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, linguistic intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalist intelligence. Another psychologist divides intelligence into three models: analytical, creative, and practical. We won’t go into detail here, but those interested can read the original book. Finally, let’s end today’s reading by sharing a quote from the book: “A sense of mastery is an illusion. What truly allows us to consolidate and deepen our learning is the hard process of reconstruction.”” Title Usage:“Make It Stick®: The Science of Successful Learning·Global Sold 500,000 Copies” Content in English. Title in English.Bilingual English-Chinese subtitles. This is a comprehensive summary of the book Using Hollywood production values and cinematic style. Music is soft. Characters are portrayed as European and American.