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Use of scripts:âThe Real Stories Behind Motivation Imagine a psychology professor in the 1940s, Harry Harlow, running an experiment with rhesus monkeys. Harlow and his colleagues placed simple puzzles inside the monkeysâ cages, expecting that they would need to be trained to solve them. Yet, to everyoneâs surprise, the monkeys tackled the puzzles enthusiastically, working on them without any external encouragement. The puzzle-solving had no rewards attachedâno food, no extra treats. The monkeys simply seemed to enjoy the activity. Harlow, baffled, observed that they kept solving the puzzles repeatedly, even when nothing was on the line. It was as if the act of solving the puzzle was its own reward. From this discovery, Harlow proposed a âthird driveâ behind motivation: intrinsic enjoyment. The monkeysâ actions didnât fit the accepted model that creatures needed rewards or punishments to spur behavior. Intrinsic motivation, Harlow suggested, was just as powerful as the basic biological or external incentives that had been long understood. Later, Harlow tried giving the monkeys raisins for completing the puzzles. Oddly enough, this incentive disrupted their performance, leading them to make more mistakes. He noted, âThe behavior obtained⊠poses some interesting questions for motivation theory.â Harlowâs discovery suggested that when weâre intrinsically motivated, external rewards might actually get in the way. For us humans, this lesson holds a clear message. Sometimes, when we love what we do, adding a reward can actually dull our enjoyment and weaken our performance. Instead, cultivating an environment where people can explore and play without constant oversight may encourage stronger engagement and creative problem-solving. For teams and leaders, this means valuing autonomy and creating space for self-driven work, rather than managing every step. Letâs keep this in mind as we move to another story that reveals how rewards, when used carelessly, can have unexpected effects. Decades after Harlowâs experiment, Edward Deci, a young psychology student, took these ideas further. In the late 1960s, Deci set out to understand why rewards can sometimes dampen motivation rather than boosting it. He divided college students into two groups and asked them to solve a challenging Soma puzzle. For one group, solving the puzzle came with no promise of rewards. For the other, Deci offered a small monetary incentive for each configuration they completed. The experiment continued over three sessions, but on the final session, Deci removed the cash incentive from the group that had been paid previously. The result? The previously rewarded group lost interest, spending less time on the puzzle than the unpaid group, who remained engaged throughout. This result mirrored Harlowâs findings: external rewards, in the long run, actually decreased the desire to engage in an activity that people originally found fulfilling. Deciâs study led him to the principle of âcrowding out.â When we pay people for something they initially enjoy, we risk turning a satisfying activity into a mere job. And once that âjobâ stops paying, motivation plummets. As Deci observed, âWhen money is used as an external reward for some activity, the subjects lose intrinsic interest.â For those of us managing teams or raising children, this insight can be game-changing. Instead of always relying on rewards to drive action, we might focus on nurturing genuine interest, purpose, and autonomy. Itâs an approach that builds more resilient motivationâa kind that doesnât vanish when external rewards are absent. Now, letâs transition to a third story, one that looks at motivation on a larger, societal scale. One of the most curious cases of motivation emerged in the battle between two encyclopedias in the late 1990s. On one side was Microsoftâs Encarta, a polished, professionally written digital encyclopedia. Microsoft poured resources into it, hiring writers, editors, and managers to ensure high-quality content and sales. On the other side, a scrappy newcomer called Wikipedia appeared, composed entirely of volunteer contributions. No one received a dollar for their efforts; people wrote articles in their spare time, motivated by nothing more than the enjoyment of sharing knowledge. If you were to bet on which model would dominate, most people at the time would have put their money on Microsoftâs well-funded initiative. Yet, Wikipedia emerged as the winner, thriving on the collective, unpaid enthusiasm of thousands of contributors around the world. Encarta was eventually discontinued, a victim of the mismatch between the traditional incentive model and the power of intrinsic motivation. Wikipediaâs success was a powerful demonstration that people donât always need monetary rewards to produce excellent work. Sometimes, the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, learning, and connecting with others is enough. For organizations and leaders, this suggests a new way to think about motivation, especially in knowledge-based and creative work: consider how purpose and community can inspire people more than a paycheck alone. Projects with a shared mission, where people feel their contributions matter, tend to bring out peopleâs best work, even without traditional incentives. These three stories converge on a simple yet profound truth: not all motivation is created equal. Weâre often taught that rewards drive behavior, yet these examples show that external rewards can sometimes backfire. They risk turning joyful, meaningful activities into mere transactions, ultimately discouraging us from pursuing them when the incentives disappear. From Harlowâs monkeys to Deciâs students to Wikipediaâs contributors, we see that people are driven not only by rewards but by the opportunity to explore, create, and contribute on their own terms. When we recognize and cultivate intrinsic motivation, we unlock a deeper, more resilient driveâone that isnât easily disrupted.â Title Usage:âDrive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Usâ Content in English. Title in English.Bilingual English-Chinese subtitles. This is a comprehensive summary of the book Using Hollywood production values and cinematic style. Music is soft. Characters are portrayed as European and American.
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